United States securities and exchange commission logo November 30, 2021 Ivana Magovevi-Liebisch, PhD, JD Chief Executive Officer Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 1 Broadway, 7th Floor, Suite 07-300 Cambridge, MA 02142 Re: Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-1 Filed November 19, 2021 File No. 333-261230 Dear Dr. Magovevi-Liebisch: We have reviewed your registration statement and have the following comments. In some of our comments, we may ask you to provide us with information so we may better understand your disclosure. Please respond to this letter by amending your registration statement and providing the requested information. If you do not believe our comments apply to your facts and circumstances or do not believe an amendment is appropriate, please tell us why in your response. After reviewing any amendment to your registration statement and the information you provide in response to these comments, we may have additional comments. Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed November 19, 2021 Pipeline Table, page 3 1. We note your increased disclosure in response to prior comment 2. Please further expand your disclosure to explain how VGL101 for Alzheimer's Disease and the Small Molecule TREM2 Agonist program are two different products, instead of two different phases of the same product. For example, on page 131 you disclose that the purpose of the Phase 1b trial for VGL101 for Alzheimer's Disease is "to inform the target patient population and design for future larger studies that evaluate the safety and efficacy of our small molecule agonist." Please further clarify that VGL101 for Alzheimer's Disease is a different product from the Small Molecule TREM2 Agonist program or revise your pipeline table appropriately. Ivana Magovevi-Liebisch, PhD, JD FirstName LastNameIvana Magovevi-Liebisch, PhD, JD Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. Comapany 30, November NameVigil 2021 Neuroscience, Inc. November Page 2 30, 2021 Page 2 FirstName LastName Our Corporate History and Team, page 4 2. We note your response to prior comment 4 and the related revised disclosure. As requested by our prior comment, please relocate this disclosure from your prospectus summary to your "Principal Stockholder" section and limit any textual description of pre- IPO investors to the investors identified in the Principal Stockholders table. We remind you that the company and its management are responsible for the accuracy and adequacy of their disclosures, notwithstanding any review, comments, action or absence of action by the staff. Refer to Rules 460 and 461 regarding requests for acceleration. Please allow adequate time for us to review any amendment prior to the requested effective date of the registration statement. You may contact Sasha Parikh at 202-551-3627 or Al Pavot at 202-551-3738 if you have questions regarding comments on the financial statements and related matters. Please contact Tyler Howes at 202-551-3370 or Tim Buchmiller at 202-551-3635 with any other questions. Sincerely, Division of Corporation Finance Office of Life Sciences cc: Kingsley L. Taft, Esq.